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SCHEMA FUN!
Learning Outcome:
Evaluate schema theory with reference to research studies

SCHEMA FUN!
Learning Outcome:
Evaluate schema theory with reference to research studies
DEFINITION OF SCHEMA:
Etiologically, it comes from the Greek word skhema which means shape or plan. A schema can be defined as a conceptual map that enables people to understand how knowledge works and is stored in memory. It can be defined as a mental representation of knowledge (Crane and Hannibal 70). Schemata are defined as units of knowledge. Schemata represent our experiences. When we read our interpretation of what we are reading is influenced by our schemata.
-Andrade, D. "Schema Theory." Thesis. Analytic Technologies. Web. 21 Sept. 2010. <http://www.analytictech.com/mb870/schema.htm>.
-Approaches to Psychology
-Psychology BibliographyBibliography from links "Schemalinks"Schema Theory and

SCHEMA THEORY AND MEMORY PROCESS
This theory has become a method by which psychologists describe or explain the memory processes. They divide this into:
1) Stage 1àencoding:SStage 1=encoding: which is 71)
2) Stage 2àstorage:SStage 2=storage: which means 71)
3) Stage 3àretrieval:SStage 3=retrieval: this is
EVALUATION OF SCHEMA THEORY:
Strengths

*Some types of schemas are
Social schemas are about general social knowledge.
refer to individuals.indivuals.
Idealized person schemas or in other words,are called prototypes. The word is also used for any generalized schema.
Self-schemas are We also have the ideal schemas which arehold idealized perceptions of ourselves.or projected selves, or possible selves.
Role schemas are about typicalproper behaviors in
Event schemas (or scripts) are about what happens in specific situations.
(PICTURE)
messy room
Because we are we are active processors of information we integrate that information and we try to make sense of it. When we fight, there is a blank in our conception of things we remember, we fill it with schemata that we already have or we invent something that seems to be right according to what we've seen before and that makes sense to us. So, because we do this, we can create distortions to the real event or image.
(Crane and Hannibal 70)
SCHEMA THEORY AND MEMORY PROCESS
This theory has become a method by which psychologists describe or explain the memory processes. They divide this into:
1) S1. Stage 1=encoding:1àencoding: which is 71)
2) S2. Stage 2=storage:2àstorage: which means 71)
3) S3. Stage 3=retrieval:3àretrieval: this is
EVALUATION OF SCHEMA THEORY:
Strengths
Another finding was that the subjects encoded information irrelevant to their first perspective. For example those who had the thief perspective at encoding, later were able to remember the buyer information, since it had nothing to do with their first schema.
(Crane and Hannibal 72)
FAMOUS SCHEMAS
Bibliography:
-Crane, John, And, Jette Hannibal. Psychology: course companion.Oxford: Oxford UP, 2009. Print
-Andrade, D. "Schema Theory." Thesis. Analytic Technologies. Web. 21 Sept. 2010. <http://www.analytictech.com/mb870/schema.htm>.
"Google Image Result for Https:www.creativeplatypus.com/shoppingcart/product_images/uploaded_images/messyRoomMM.jpg." Google.-Approaches to Psychology
-Psychology Bibliography from links "Schema Theory and the Interpretation of TV." Prifysgol Aberystwyth / Aberystwyth University. Web. 24 Sept. 2010. <http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https:www.creativeplatypus.com/shoppingcart/product_images/uploaded_images/messyRoomMM.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.stuff2color.com/pages/Bored-Boards.html&usg=__FBhh6u6v5gpKx3ScN5V-Bth5X6M=&h=331&w=410&sz=158&hl=en&start=19&zoom=1&tbnid=Oh5lL78_Gdj41M:&tbnh=125&tbnw=155&prev=/images?q=really+messy+room&um=1&hl=en&biw=1352&bih=568&tbs=isch:10,342&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=597&ei=8e2cTIrJBYL_8AbGqcSDAQ&oei=1-2cTL-rNYSClAeAkvD0CQ&esq=2&page=2&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:19&tx=91&ty=101&biw=1352&bih=568>.
-Glassman, William E., and Marilyn Hadad. Approaches to Psychology. Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: Open UP, 2006. Print.<http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Modules/TF33120/schematv.html>.

-Andrade, D. "Schema Theory." Thesis. Analytic Technologies. Web. 21 Sept. 2010. <http://www.analytictech.com/mb870/schema.htm>.
"Google Image Result for Https:www.creativeplatypus.com/shoppingcart/product_images/uploaded_images/messyRoomMM.jpg." Google. Web. 24 Sept. 2010. <http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https:www.creativeplatypus.com/shoppingcart/product_images/uploaded_images/messyRoomMM.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.stuff2color.com/pages/Bored-Boards.html&usg=__FBhh6u6v5gpKx3ScN5V-Bth5X6M=&h=331&w=410&sz=158&hl=en&start=19&zoom=1&tbnid=Oh5lL78_Gdj41M:&tbnh=125&tbnw=155&prev=/images?q=really+messy+room&um=1&hl=en&biw=1352&bih=568&tbs=isch:10,342&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=597&ei=8e2cTIrJBYL_8AbGqcSDAQ&oei=1-2cTL-rNYSClAeAkvD0CQ&esq=2&page=2&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:19&tx=91&ty=101&biw=1352&bih=568>.
-Approaches-Glassman, William E., and Marilyn Hadad. Approaches to Psychology
-Psychology Psychology. Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: Open UP, 2006. Print.

SCHEMA THEORY AND MEMORY PROCESS
This theory has become a method by which psychologists describe or explain the memory processes. They divide this into:
1) S1. Stage 1àencoding:1=encoding: which is 71)
2) S2. Stage 2àstorage:2=storage: which means 71)
3) S3. Stage 3àretrieval:3=retrieval: this is
EVALUATION OF SCHEMA THEORY:
Strengths

SCHEMA FUN!
OF SCHEMA:
Etiologically, it comes from the Greek word skhema which means shape or plan. A schema can be defined as a conceptual map that enables people to understand how knowledge works and is stored in memory. It can be defined as a mental representation of knowledge (Crane and Hannibal 70). Schemata are defined as units of knowledge. Schemata represent our experiences. When we read our interpretation of what we are reading is influenced by our schemata.
SCHEMA THEORY:
This theory was created by Robert C. Anderson, an educational psychologist. This theory is a cognitive theory about the information that we process. A cognitive schema talks about the networks of knowledge, the beliefs and expectations that someone has about a certain task, situation, place or activity. Schemata are invisible to anyone since they are cognitive, but psychologists use conceptual maps to visualize how they work in our brains and how knowledge is stored and organized in our memory. For example this is a schema of a party:
*Some types of schemas are
Idealized person schemas or in other words, prototypes.
Self-schemas are about oneself. We also have the ideal schemas which are idealized perceptions of ourselves.
behaviors in a given situation.situations.
Event schemas (or scripts) are about what happens in specific situations.
(PICTURE)
messy room
Because we are we are active processors of information we integrate that information and we try to make sense of it. When we fight, there is a blank in our conception of things we remember, we fill it with schemata that we already have or we invent something that seems to be right according to what we've seen before and that makes sense to us. So, because we do this, we can create distortions to the real event or image.
(Crane and Hannibal 70)
2) Stage 2àstorage: which means to store some information or “create a biological trace of it” (Crane and Hannibal 71)
3) Stage 3àretrieval: this is the stage in which you use the information you stored in your mind when you recall memories.
SCHEMA THEORY:
Strengths
Strengths
-Helps us understand the way in which people interpret stories, classify information and their ability to make inferences.
-The theory has helped for us to understand about memory alterations or distortions.
Limitations
-The origin of schemata is not clear and their influence on the cognitive processes.
(Crane and Hannibal 72)
EXPERIMENT Anderson
Anderson & Pichert (1978)
Aim: The purpose of this research was to see if schema processing has any influence in the encoding and retrieval processes.
Procedure: The first step in this research was to give participants one schema at the encoding stage, and a different one at the retrieval stage. This was going to help researches to see if the last schema had any influence in the recall stage.
Another finding was that the subjects encoded information irrelevant to their first perspective. For example those who had the thief perspective at encoding, later were able to remember the buyer information, since it had nothing to do with their first schema.
(Crane and Hannibal 72)
Bibliography:
-Crane, John, And, Jette Hannibal. Psychology: course companion.Oxford: Oxford UP, 2009. Print
-Andrade, D. "Schema Theory." Thesis. Analytic Technologies. Web. 21 Sept. 2010. <http://www.analytictech.com/mb870/schema.htm>.
-Crane, John, and Jette Hannibal. Psychology: Course Companion. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2009. Print.
-Glassman, William E., and Marilyn Hadad. Approaches"Google Image Result for Https:www.creativeplatypus.com/shoppingcart/product_images/uploaded_images/messyRoomMM.jpg." Google. Web. 24 Sept. 2010. <http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https:www.creativeplatypus.com/shoppingcart/product_images/uploaded_images/messyRoomMM.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.stuff2color.com/pages/Bored-Boards.html&usg=__FBhh6u6v5gpKx3ScN5V-Bth5X6M=&h=331&w=410&sz=158&hl=en&start=19&zoom=1&tbnid=Oh5lL78_Gdj41M:&tbnh=125&tbnw=155&prev=/images?q=really+messy+room&um=1&hl=en&biw=1352&bih=568&tbs=isch:10,342&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=597&ei=8e2cTIrJBYL_8AbGqcSDAQ&oei=1-2cTL-rNYSClAeAkvD0CQ&esq=2&page=2&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:19&tx=91&ty=101&biw=1352&bih=568>.
-Approaches to Psychology. Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: Open UP, 2006. Print.Psychology
-Psychology

-The origin of schemata is not clear and their influence on the cognitive processes.
(Crane and Hannibal 72)
EXPERIMENT
AndersonAnderson & Pichert
Aim: The purpose of this research was to see if schema processing has any influence in the encoding and retrieval processes.
Procedure: The first step in this research was to give participants one schema at the encoding stage, and a different one at the retrieval stage. This was going to help researches to see if the last schema had any influence in the recall stage.

(Crane and Hannibal 72)
Bibliography:
-Crane, John, And, Jette Hannibal. Psychology: course companion.Oxford: Oxford UP, 2009. Print
-Andrade, D. "Schema Theory." Thesis. Analytic Technologies. Web. 21 Sept. 2010. <http://www.analytictech.com/mb870/schema.htm>.
-Approaches-Crane, John, and Jette Hannibal. Psychology: Course Companion. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2009. Print.
-Glassman, William E., and Marilyn Hadad. Approaches to Psychology
-Psychology Psychology. Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: Open UP, 2006. Print.